Start moving through the notifications/messages tab, considering that it is not known whether your console starts from the games tab or the PSN news tab (unless you know which tab it starts from).
You'll need the ERK, there's no other way to get it other than through the console. You could try to make the dump "blinded" anyway. Watch a video where someone goes to the firmware tools and then to the dump section and try to emulate the move steps. Plug a USB drive with the file system FAT32...
Plug the hdd from the PS3 on the PC usb (need a external case) and put the ERK in the folder of the tool and open the HDD GUI.
P.S.: Don't initialize the HDD, just plug it and use the Disc Management on Windows to see if it was recognized.
You can use the PS3 HDD GUI to copy the files from the hdd of the ps3, but you will need the ERK (Eid Root Key) from the console. You can download the PS3 Tools Collection from here, the HDD tool It's on the collection:
(https://clicknupload.download/pu6ga75xujw6)
Could be the blu-ray drive as well, open it and do a good clean and see if something it's wrong with the the lens or just dump the game and tries again. Could be the game disc too.
I know little about that but did you tried to reset the PS3 display settings holding the power button and then removing the finger after hearing a single bip?
Which revision? Depending on which CECH (the serial behind the console) it can be hotter than others. How long the thermal paste was replaced and it was a silicone or a silver one?
If the games are located in PSXISO and the option to search games in NTFS usb are checked, you could try to format your usb drive as exFAT/NTFS "MBR" and test if it works.